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1.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(1):186-195
The Al2O3/SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–Na2O glass/Al2O3 joints reinforced cooperatively by glass matrix and in-situ Al4B2O9 whiskers were obtained via a low-melting borosilicate glass braze. The composition of glass seam transformed from SiO2–B2O3–Na2O to SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–Na2O due to continuous diffusion and dissolution of Al2O3. An appropriate amount of [AlO4] units introduced into the glass braze played a vital role in strengthening the glass network structure resulting to considerably improved mechanical strength of the glass seam. Meanwhile, plenty of in-situ Al4B2O9 whiskers growing from the Al2O3/glass braze interface to the center of glass seam in various directions generated. Three-dimensional crisscross structures were fabricated at the Al2O3/glass braze interface domains, where were enhanced by crack-bridging and pull-out effect of the whiskers. Generally, ascribed to the cooperative reinforcement of the glass matrix in the seam and in-situ Al4B2O9 whiskers at Al2O3/glass braze interface domains through reactions of Al2O3 and borosilicate glass braze, strength of the as-brazed joints was promoted prominently. The shear strength of the joints reached a maximum of 61 MPa brazed at 1050 °C for 60 min. 相似文献
2.
“Join a Meetup Group” (face-to-face study group) has been propagated by Coursera to build rapport and provide mutual support among MOOC learners; however, studies remain scant regarding its effectiveness and sustainability. This interpretive case study documents our facilitation process, key influential factors, as well as student perceived gains in a six-week MOOC study group. Data sources include discussion recordings, end-of-course interviews, goal setting sheets, weekly reflection journals, and researchers' observation notes. Results showed that, cognitively, participants broadened their perspective of thinking, raised cultural awareness, and shared many learning strategies. Affectively, they established a strong sense of community and gained motivation for learning. Participants also increased action tendencies toward trying out Coursera functions, new courses, and learning strategies, and they became more cognizant of the benefits and procedures of the MOOC study group. Our findings suggest that, with proper design and facilitation, face-to-face study group would be a practicable and effective approach to leverage MOOC students' motivation, engagement, and deeper learning. Implications are discussed in terms of potential gains, challenges, key influential factors, as well as future design and implementation of MOOC study groups. 相似文献
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4.
Professional search in patent repositories poses several unique challenges. One key requirement is to search the entire affected space of concepts, following well-defined procedures to ensure traceability of results obtained. Several techniques have been introduced to enhance query generation, preferably via automated query term expansion, to improve retrieval effectiveness. Currently, these approaches are mostly limited to computing additional query terms from patent documents based on statistical measures. For conceptual search to solve the limitation of traditional keyword search standard dictionaries are used to provide synonyms and keyword phrases for query refinement. Studies show that these are insufficient in such highly specialized domains. In this paper, we present an approach to extract keyword phrases from query logs created during the validation procedure of the patent applications. This creates valuable domain-specific lexical databases for several specific patent classes that can be used to both expand as well as limit the scope of a patent search. This provides a more powerful means to guide a professional searcher through the search process. We evaluate the lexical databases based on real query sessions of patent examiners. 相似文献
5.
Intrusion Detection Networks (IDN) are distributed cyberdefense systems composed of different nodes performing local detection and filtering functions, as well as sharing information with other nodes in the IDN. The security and resilience of such cyberdefense systems are paramount, since an attacker will try to evade them or render them unusable before attacking the end systems. In this paper, we introduce a system model for IDN nodes in terms of their logical components, functions, and communication channels. This allows us to model different IDN node roles (e.g., detectors, filters, aggregators, correlators, etc.) and architectures (e.g., hierarchical, centralized, fully distributed, etc.). We then introduce a threat model that considers adversarial actions executed against particular IDN nodes, and also the propagation of such actions throughout connected nodes. Based on such models, we finally introduce a countermeasure allocation model based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain optimal allocation strategies that minimize both risk and cost. Our experimental results obtained through simulation with different IDN architectures illustrate the benefit of our framework to design and reconfigure cyberdefense systems optimally. 相似文献
6.
Specialized varieties of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) may be an eligible feedstock for advanced biofuel designation under the USA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. These non-food industrial beets could double ethanol production per hectare compared to alternative feedstocks. A mixed-integer mathematical programming model was constructed to determine the breakeven price of ethanol produced from industrial beets, and to determine the optimal size and biorefinery location. The model, based on limited field data, evaluates Southern Plains beet production in a 3-year crop rotation, and beet harvest, transportation, and processing. The optimal strategy depends critically on several assumptions including a just-in-time harvest and delivery system that remains to be tested in field trials. Based on a wet beet to ethanol conversion rate of 110 dm3 Mg−1 and capital cost of 128 M$ for a 152 dam3 y−1 biorefinery, the estimated breakeven ethanol price was 507 $ m−3. The average breakeven production cost of corn (Zea mays L.) grain ethanol ranged from 430 to 552 $ m−3 based on average net corn feedstock cost of 254 and 396 $ m−3 in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The estimated net beet ethanol delivered cost of 207 $ m−3 was lower than the average net corn feedstock cost of 254–396$ m−3 in 2013 and 2014. If for a mature industry, the cost to process beets was equal to the cost to process corn, the beet breakeven ethanol price would be $387 m-3 (587 $ m−3 gasoline equivalent). 相似文献
7.
Constructing scientific explanations is necessary for students to engage in scientific inquiry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of using a structured argumentation scaffold to enhance skill in constructing scientific explanations in the process of scientific inquiry. The proposed approach is designed to scaffold the following aspects of argumentation: the argumentation process, the explanation structuring, explanation construction, and explanation evaluation. A quasi-experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the structured argumentation scaffold in developing skill in constructing scientific explanations and engaging in electronic dialogues. A web-based collaborative synchronous inquiry system, ASIS (Argumentative Scientific Inquiry System), was utilized to support students as they worked in groups to carry out inquiry tasks. Two intact sixth grade classes (n = 50) participated in the study. The data show that the ASIS with the structured argumentation scaffold helped students significantly improve their skills in constructing scientific explanations, make more dialogue moves for explanation and query, and use more of all four argument components. In addition, the use of warrants, one of the components of an argument, was found to be a critical variable in predicting students' competence with regard to constructing scientific explanations. The results provide references for further research and system development with regard to facilitating students' construction of scientific argumentation and explanations. 相似文献
8.
Vehicular networks have tremendous potential to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort, where cooperative vehicular safety applications are a significant branch. In cooperative vehicular safety applications, through the distributed data fusion for large amounts of data from multiple nearby vehicles, each vehicle can intelligently perceive the surrounding conditions beyond the capability of its own onboard sensors. Trust evaluation and privacy preservation are two primary concerns for facilitating the distributed data fusion in cooperative vehicular safety applications. They have conflicting requirements and a good balance between them is urgently needed. Meanwhile, the computation, communication, and storage overheads will all influence the applicability of a candidate scheme. In this paper, we propose a Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Trust Evaluation (LPPTE) scheme which can primely balance the trust evaluation and privacy preservation with low overheads for facilitating the distributed data fusion in cooperative vehicular safety applications. Furthermore, we provide exhaustive theoretical analysis and simulation evaluation for the LPPTE scheme, and the results demonstrate that the LPPTE scheme can obviously improve the accuracy of fusion results and is significantly superior to the state-of-the-art schemes in multiple aspects. 相似文献
9.
《中国稀土学报(英文版)》2021,39(9):1017-1023
This review covers H-H bond cleavage of dihydrogen(H_2) mediated by structurally well-defined rareearth metal(scandium,yttrium and lanthanides) complexes,and their applications in homogenous catalysis,such as catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated organic molecules.Depending on the mechanism of the H-H bond cleavage,this review is organized in two parts:(1) σ-bond metathesis,and(2)non-σ-metathesis H_2 activation.The latter is a new trend in this research field and is the emphasis of this review.Converting H_2 into inorganic rare-earth polyhydride complexes,albeit their potential applications as hydrogen-storage materiel,is not in the scope of this review. 相似文献
10.
In this paper, a novel cooperative path planning scheme of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for rescuing targets in a complex ocean environment is proposed. The primary objective of the rescue USVs is to bring all targets back safely on the premise of first rescuing priority targets, while optimizing the path length, the navigation time and the angular energy. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The proposed K-means-division (KMD) algorithm is able to identify a complex ocean environment with collision-free zone and static-obstacles zone; (2) The proposed path planning method with fast-marching-method-based ellipse guidance range (E-FMM) is able to optimize the angular energy while ensuring safety; (3) The proposed cooperative management system (including priority-target-assignment (PTA) with reward-mechanism genetic-optimization (RM-GO) and collision-avoidance (CA) guidance law with Tangent-based surge-varying wave-disturbances-observer (Tangent-SV-WDO)) can accomplish the mission of the rescue USVs. Comparative studies with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate that the proposed cooperative path planning scheme is superior in terms of priority-target-assignment (PTA) and collision-avoidance (CA) of the actual rescue work. 相似文献